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Bitter Melon Powder Momordica charantia1 Pound (16 oz) Buy Now
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Purchase a one pound package of Raintree's sustainably harvested pure bitter melon whole herb powder (Momordica charantia) - rich in active and beneficial phytochemicals that occur naturally in this plant. Bitter melon contains an array of biologically active plant chemicals including triterpenes, proteins, and steroids.* This plant has been milled into a fine powder which is suitable to stuff into capsules or to prepare your own teas, tinctures or extracts. Raintree's bitter melon has been sustainably wild-harvested in the Amazon Rainforest (without any pesticides or fertilizers). To see photographs of bitter melon, click here.
Traditional Uses:* for cancer; for viral infections (HIV, herpes, Epstein Barr, hepatitis, influenza, and measles); for bacterial infections (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Salmonella), as a bitter digestive aid (for dyspepsia and sluggish digestion); for diabetes
For more information about bitter melon (Momordica charantia), please refer to the Database File for Bitter Melon in the Tropical Plant Database. For general information on Raintree's available bulk plants and sustainable harvesting practices, please refer to Main Page for Bulk Plants.
This bulk one pound package retails for $28.00. Purchase Bitter Melon Powder Now
Print a PDF Bitter Melon Brochure
Ingredients: 100% pure bitter melon (Momordica charantia) whole herb (root, leaf, stem, flowers). No binders, fillers or additives are used. It is a wild harvested product—grown naturally in the Brazilian Amazon without any pesticides or fertilizers.
Suggested Use: This plant is best prepared as a decoction. Use one teaspoon of powder for each cup of water. Bring to a boil and gently boil in a covered pot for 20 minutes. Allow to cool and settle for 10 minutes and strain warm liquid into a cup (leaving the settled powder in the bottom of the pan). It is traditionally taken in one cup dosages, 2-3 times daily. For more complete instructions on preparing herbal decoctions, see the Methods for Preparing Herbal Remedies Page.
Contraindications:
- Do not use if pregnant or breast feeding.
- This plant has been documented in animal studies to reduce fertility in both males and females and should therefore not be used by those undergoing fertility treatment or seeking pregnancy.
- Bitter melon has demonstrated in numerous in vivo studies that it lowers blood sugar levels. As such, it is contraindicated in persons with hypoglycemia. Diabetics should use with caution while monitoring their blood sugar levels regularly.
Drug Interactions: It may potentiate insulin and anti-diabetic drugs.
RELATED PRODUCTS:
Bitter Melon can be found as an ingredient in these proprietary Raintree formulas:
Free Bitter Melon Tech Report -- A Free Technical Plant Data Report is available for bitter melon.
Third-Party Published Research*
This Raintree product has not been the subject of any clinical research. All available third-party research on bitter melon be found at PubMed. A partial listing of the third-party published research on bitter melon is shown below:
Antimicrobial Actions (virus, bacteria, fungi):
Puri, M., et al. "Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from Momordica charantia for anti viral therapy." Curr. Mol. Med. 2009 Dec; 9(9): 1080-94.
Coutinho, H., et al. "Effect of Momordica charantia L. in the resistance to aminoglycosides in methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus." Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2009 Sep 2.
Braca, A., et al. "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Momordica charantia seed essential oil." Fitoterapia. 2008; 79(2): 123-5.
Fan, J., et al. "Inhibition on Hepatitis B virus in vitro of recombinant MAP30 from bitter melon." Mol. Biol. Rep. 2009; 36(2): 381-8.
Vashishta, A., et al. "In vitro refolded napin-like protein of Momordica charantia expressed in Escherichia coli displays properties of native napin." Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2006; 1764(5): 847-55.
Das, P., et al. "Screening of antihelminthic effects of Indian plant extracts: a preliminary report." J. Altern. Complement. Med. 2006 Apr; 12(3): 299-301.
Schmourlo, G., et al. “Screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan; 96(3): 563
Jiratchariyakul, W., et al. "HIV inhibitor from Thai bitter gourd." Planta Med. 2001 Jun; 67(4): 350-3.
Zheng, Y. T., et al. “Alpha-momorcharin inhibits HIV-1 replication in acutely but not chronically infected T-lymphocytes.” Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999; 20(3): 239-43.
Frame, A. D., et al. “Plants from Puerto Rico with anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis properties.” P. R. Health Sci. J. 1998; 17(3): 243–52.
Khan, M. R., et al. “Momordica charantia and Allium sativum: Broad spectrum antibacterial activity.” Korean J. Pharmacog. 1998; 29(3): 155–58.
Bourinbaiar, A. S., et al. “The activity of plant-derived antiretroviral proteins MAP30 and GAP31 against Herpes simplex virus in vitro.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996; 219(3): 923–29.
Omoregbe, R. E., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants’ extracts on Escherichia coli,
Salmonella paratyphi and Shigella dysenteriae.” Afr. J. Med. Med. Sci. 1996; 25(4): 373–75.
Lee-Huang, S., et al. “Inhibition of the integrase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 by anti-HIV plant proteins MAP30 and GAP31.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1995; 92(19): 8818–22.
Dong, T. X., et al. “Ribosome inactivating protein-like activity in seeds of diverse Cucurbitaceae plants.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1993; 25(3): 415–19.
Zhang, Q. C. “Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients.” J. Naturopath. Med. 1992; 3: 65–9.
Hussain, H. S. N., et al. “Plants in Kano ethomedicine: Screening for antimicrobial activity and alkaloids.” Int. J. Pharmacog. 1991; 29(1): 51–6.
Huang, T. M., et al. “Studies on antiviral activity of the extract of Momordica charantia and its active principle.” Virologica. 1990; 5(4): 367–73.
Lee-Huang, S. “MAP 30: A new inhibitor of HIV-1 infection and replication.” FEBS Lett. 1990; 272(1–2): 12–18.
Takemoto, D. J. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor with anti-viral activity from the bitter melon.” Prep. Biochem. 1983; 13(4): 371–93.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor from the bitter melon Momordica charantia.” Prep. Biochem. 1982; 12(4): 355-75.
Anticancerous & Cytotoxic Actions:
Grossmann, M., et al. "Eleostearic Acid inhibits breast cancer proliferation by means of an oxidation-dependent mechanism." Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila Pa). 2009; 2(10): 879-86.
Li, M., "Anti-tumor activity and immunological modification of ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Momordica charantia by covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol." Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai). 2009; 41(9): 792-9.
Xiong, S., et al. "Ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from dietary bitter melon induce apoptosis and inhibit histone deacetylase-1 selectively in premalignant and malignant prostate cancer cells." Int. J. Cancer. 2009 Aug 15; 125(4): 774-82.
Kobori, M., et al. "Alpha-eleostearic acid and its dihydroxy derivative are major apoptosis-inducing components of bitter gourd." J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008 Nov; 56(22): 10515-20.
Fan, J., et al. "Effects of recombinant MAP30 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells." Mol. Biotechnol. 2008 May; 39(1): 79-86.
Akihisa, T., et al. "Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their cancer chemopreventive effects." J. Nat. Prod. 2007; 70(8):1233-9.
Khan, S., et al. "Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): a potential mechanism in anti-carcinogenesis of colon." World J. Gastroenterol. 2007 Mar; 13(11): 1761-2.
Hwang, Y., et al. "Momordin I, an inhibitor of AP-1, suppressed osteoclastogenesis through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1 and also reduced osteoclast activity and survival." Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005 Nov; 337(3): 815-23.
Yasui, Y., et al. “Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARgamma in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells.” Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids. 2005 Aug; 73(2): 113-9.
Ike, K., et al. “Induction of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and T helper 1 (Th1) immune response by bitter gourd extract.” J. Vet. Med. Sci. 2005; 67(5): 521-4.
Nagasawa, H., et al. “Effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) or ginger rhizome (Zingiber offifinale
Rosc.) on spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis in SHN mice.” Am. J. Clin. Med. 2002; 30(2–3): 195–205.
Kim, J. H., et al. “Induction of apoptosis by momordin I in promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells.” Anticancer Res. 2002 May-Jun; 22(3): 1885-9.
Tazzari, P. L., et al. “An Epstein-Barr virus-infected lymphoblastoid cell line (D430B) that grows in SCID-mice with the morphologic features of a CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and is sensitive to anti-CD30 immunotoxins.” Haematologica. 1999; 84(11): 988-95.
Lee, D. K., et al. “Momordins inhibit both AP-1 function and cell proliferation.” Anticancer Res. 1998 Jan-Feb; 18(1A): 119-24.
Terenzi, A., et al. “Anti-CD30 (BER=H2) immunotoxins containing the type-1 ribosome-inactivating proteins momordin and PAP-S (pokeweed antiviral protein from seeds) display powerful antitumor activity against CD30+ tumor cells in vitro and in SCID mice.” Br. J. Haematol. 1996; 92(4): 872–79.
Bolognesi, A., et al. “Induction of apoptosis by ribosome-inactivating proteins and related immunotoxins.” Int. J. Cancer. 1996 Nov; 68(3): 349-55.
Battelli, M. G., et al. “Toxicity of ribosome-inactivating proteins-containing immunotoxins to a human bladder carcinoma cell line.” Int. J. Cancer. 1996 Feb; 65(4): 485-90.
Lee-Huang, S., et al. “Anti-HIV and anti-tumor activities of recombinant MAP30 from bitter melon.” Gene.
1995; 161(2):151–56.
Cunnick, J. E., et al. “Induction of tumor cytotoxic immune cells using a protein from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).” Cell Immunol. 1990 Apr; 126(2): 278-89.
Zhu, Z. J., et al. “Studies on the active constituents of Momordica charantia l.” Yao. Hsueh. Hsueh. Pao. 1990; 25(12): 898–903.
Stirpe, F., et al. “Selective cytotoxic activity of immunotoxins composed of a monoclonal anti-Thy 1.1 antibody and the ribosome-inactivating proteins bryodin and momordin.” Br. J. Cancer. 1988 Nov; 58(5): 558-61.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor with anti-viral activity from the bitter melon. Part 2.” Prep Biochem. 1983; 13(5): 397-421.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of the bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on human lymphocytes.” Toxicon. 1982; 20: 593–99.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Guanylate cyclase activity in human leukemic and normal lymphocytes. Enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity of plant extracts.” Enzyme. 1982; 27(3): 179–88.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Partial purification and characterization of a guanylate cyclase inhibitor with cytotoxic properties from the bitter melon (Momordica charantia).” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1980; 94(1): 332–39.
Claflin, A. J., et al. “Inhibition of growth and guanylate cyclase activity of an undifferentiated prostate adenocarcinoma by an extract of the balsam pear (Momordica charantia abbreviata).” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1978; 75(2): 989–93.
Vesely, D. L., et al. “Isolation of a guanylate cyclase inhibitor from the balsam pear (Momordica charantia abbreviata).” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1977; 77(4): 1294–99.
Antidiabetic & Hypoglycemic Actions:
Leung, L. , et al. "Anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon): a mini review." Br. J. Nutr. 2009; 102(12): 1703-8.
Teoh, S., et al. "A histological study of the structural changes in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with or without Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)." Clin Ter. 2009 Jul-Aug; 160(4): 283-6.
Nahas, R., et al. "Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes." Can. Fam. Physician. 2009; 55(6): 591-6.
Shih, C., et al. "Momordica charantia extract on insulin resistance and the skeletal muscle GLUT4 protein in fructose-fed rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009 May 4; 123(1) :82-90.
Inayat-ur-Rahman, m., et al. "Serum sialic acid changes in non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients following bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) treatment." Phytomedicine. 2009 May; 16(5): 401-5.
Nivitabishekam, S., et al. "Pharmacodynamic interaction of Momordica charantia with rosiglitazone in rats."
Chem. Biol. Interact. 2009 Feb; 177(3): 247-53.
Han, C."Hypoglycaemic activity of saponin fraction extracted from Momordica charantia in PEG/salt aqueous two-phase systems." Nat. Prod. Res. 2008; 22(13): 1112-9.
Cheng, H., et al. "A cell-based screening identifies compounds from the stem of Momordica charantia that overcome insulin resistance and activate AMP-activated protein kinase." J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008 Aug; 56(16): 6835-43.
Shih, C., et al. "Effects of Momordica charantia on insulin resistance and visceral obesity in mice on high-fat diet." Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2008 Aug; 81(2): 134-43.
Tan, M., et al. "Antidiabetic activities of triterpenoids isolated from bitter melon associated with activation of the AMPK pathway." Chem. Biol. 2008; 15(3): 263-73.
Singh, N., et al. "Regeneration of beta cells in islets of Langerhans of pancreas of alloxan diabetic rats by acetone extract of Momordica charantia (Linn.) (bitter gourd) fruits." Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2007; 45(12): 1055-62.
Uebanso, T., et al. "Extracts of Momordica charantia suppress postprandial hyperglycemia in rats." J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 2007 Dec; 53(6): 482-8.
Kumar, G., et al. "Modulatory effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia LINN.) on alterations in kidney heparan sulfate in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jan 17; 115(2): 276-83.
Sridhar, M., et al. "Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) improves insulin sensitivity by increasing skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation in high-fat-fed rats." Br. J. Nutr. 2008; 99(4): 806-12.
Fernandes, N., et al. "An experimental evaluation of the antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties of a standardized Momordica charantia fruit extract." BMC Complement. Altern. Med. 2007 Sep 24; 7:29.
Huang, H., et al. "Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) inhibits adipocyte hypertrophy and down regulates lipogenic gene expression in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats." Br. J. Nutr. 2008; 99(2): 230-9.
Dans, A., et al. "The effect of Momordica charantia capsule preparation on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus needs further studies." J. Clin. Epidemiol. 2007; 60(6): 554-9.
Xiang, L., et al. "The reparative effects of Momordica Charantia Linn. extract on HIT-T15 pancreatic beta-cells."
Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007; 16 Suppl 1: 249-52.
Roffey, B. et al. "Water extracts from Momordica charantia increase glucose uptake and adiponectin secretion in 3T3-L1 adipose cells." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 May; 112(1): 77-84.
Oishi, Y., et al. "Inhibition of increases in blood glucose and serum neutral fat by Momordica charantia saponin fraction." Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 2007; 71(3): 735-40.
Omar, S., et al. "Hypoglycemic effect of the seeds of Momordica charantia." Fitoterapia. 2007; 78(1): 46-7.
Ojewole, J., et al. "Hypoglycaemic and hypotensive effects of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) whole-plant aqueous extract in rats." Cardiovasc. J. S. Afr. 2006 Sep-Oct; 17(5): 227-32.
Mahomoodally, M., et al. "Effect of exogenous ATP on Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae) induced inhibition of d-glucose, l-tyrosine and fluid transport across rat everted intestinal sacs in vitro." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Mar; 110(2): 257-63.
Lans, C. "Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus." J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedicine. 2006 Oct 13; 2:45.
Chuang, C., et al. "Fractionation and identification of 9c, 11t, 13t-conjugated linolenic acid as an activator of PPARalpha in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)." J. Biomed. Sci. 2006 Nov; 13(6): 763-72.
Krawinkel, M., et al. "Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia): A dietary approach to hyperglycemia." Nutr. Rev. 2006; 64(7 Pt 1): 331-7.
Harinantenaina, L., et al. "Momordica charantia constituents and antidiabetic screening of the isolated major compounds." Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006; 54(7): 1017-21.
Abd El Sattar, E., et al. "Some toxicological studies of Momordica charantia L. on albino rats in normal and alloxan diabetic rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Nov; 108(2): 236-42.
Yibchok-Anun. S., et al. "Slow acting protein extract from fruit pulp of Momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulinomimetic activities." Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2006 Jun;29(6):1126-31.
Jung, M., et al. "Antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants." Curr. Med. Chem. 2006; 13(10): 1203-18.
Kumar, G., et al. "Effect of bitter gourd and spent turmeric on constituents of glycosaminoglycans in different tissues in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats." Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2006 Jun; 286(1-2) :53-8.
Reyes, B., et al. "Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Apr; 105(1-2): 196-200.
Khan, B., et al. "Hypogylcemic activity of aqueous extract of some indigenous plants." Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 2005; 18(1): 62-4.
Zheng, Z.X., et al. “The hypoglycemic effects of crude polysaccharides extract from Momordica charantia in mice.” Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2005 May; 34(3): 361-3.
Reyes, B. A., et al. “Anti-diabetic potentials of Momordica charantia and Andrographis paniculata and their effects on estrous cyclicity of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 16;
Sathishsekar, D., et al. “Beneficial effects of Momordica charantia seeds in the treatment of STZ-induced diabetes in experimental rats.” Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2005; 28(6): 978-83.
Shetty, A. K., et al. “Effect of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) on glycaemic status in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.” Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2005 Sep; 60(3): 109-12.
Kumar Shetty, A., et al. “Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) modulates activities of intestinal and renal disaccharidases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005; 49(8): 791-6.
Chaturvedi, P., et al. “Effect of Momordica charantia on lipid profile and oral glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.” Phytother. Res. 2004; 18(11): 954-6.
Vikrant, V., et al. “Treatment with extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana prevents hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in fructose fed rats.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001; 76(2): 139–43.
Miura, T., et al. “Hypoglycemic activity of the fruit of the Momordica charantia in type 2 diabetic mice.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2001; 47(5): 340–44.
Raza, H., et al. “Modulation of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress in chronic streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with Momordica charantia fruit extract.” J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2000; 14(3): 131–39.
Ahmad, N., et al. “Effect of Momordica charantia (Karolla) extracts on fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels in NIDDM patients.” Bangladesh Med. Res. Counc. Bull. 1999; 25(1): 11–13.
Ahmed, I., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia fruit juice on islet morphology in the pancreas of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat.” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 1998; 40(3): 145–51.
Sarkar, S., et al. “Demonstration of the hypoglycemic action of Momordica charantia in a validated animal model of diabetes.” Pharmacol. Res. 1996; 33(1): 1–4.
Ali, L., et al. “Studies on hypoglycemic effects of fruit pulp, seed and whole plant of Momordica charantia on normal and diabetic model rats.” Planta Med. 1993; 59(5): 408–12.
Akhtar, M. S. “Trial of Momordica charantia Linn (Karela) powder in patients with maturity-onset diabetes.” J. Pak. Med. Assoc. 1982; 32(4): 106–7.
Cholesterol-Lowering & Antioxidant Actions:
Chaturvedi, P. "Bitter melon protects against lipid peroxidation caused by immobilization stress in albino rats." Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res. 2009; 79(1): 48-56.
Nerurkar, P., et al. "Lipid lowering effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) in HIV-1-protease inhibitor-treated human hepatoma cells, HepG2." Br. J. Pharmacol. 2006 Aug; 148(8): 1156-64.
Chan, L. L., et al. “Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia)-fed rats is associated with increased lipid oxidative enzyme activities and uncoupling protein expression.” J. Nutr. 2005; 135(11): 2517-23.
Chen, Q., et al. “Reduced adiposity in bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fed rats is associated with lower tissue triglyceride and higher plasma catecholamines.” Br. J. Nutr. 2005; 93(5): 747-54.
Hsieh, C. L., et al. “Inhibitory effect of some selected nutraceutic herbs on LDL glycation induced by glucose and glyoxal.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec; 102(3): 357-63.
Chaturvedi, P. “Role of Momordica charantia in maintaining the normal levels of lipids and glucose in diabetic rats fed a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet.” Br. J. Biomed. Sci. 2005; 62(3): 124-6.
Sathishsekar, D., et al. “Antioxidant properties of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.” Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2005; 14(2): 153-8.
Ansari, N. M., et al. “Antioxidant activity of five vegetables traditionally consumed by South-Asian migrants in Bradford, Yorkshire, UK.” Phytother. Res. 2005; 19(10): 907-11.
Senanayake, G.V. et al. “The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extracts on serum and liver lipid parameters in hamsters fed cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 2004 Aug; 50(4): 253-7.
Ahmed, I., et al. “Hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effects of anti-diabetic Momordica charantia (Karela) fruit extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.” Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2001; 51(3):155–61.
Jayasooriya, A. P., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia powder on serum glucose levels and various lipid
parameters in rats fed with cholesterol-free and cholesterol-enriched diets.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 72 (1–2): 331.
Anti-ulcer Actions:
Alam, S., et al. "Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Momordica charantia L. in rats." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jun 25; 123(3): 464-9.
Dengiz, G. O., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) on indomethacin-induced ulcer model in rats.” Turk. J. Gastroenterol. 2005 Jun; 16(2): 85-88.
Yesilada, E., et al. “Screening of Turkish anti-ulcerogenic folk remedies for anti-Helicobacter pylori activity.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 66(3): 289–93.
Anti-fertility Actions:
Girini, M. M., et al. “Effect of graded doses of Momordica charantia seed extract on rat sperm: scanning electron microscope study.” J. Basic Clin. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2005; 16(1): 53-66.
Bhakuni, D. S., et al. “Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part XIII.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1988; 26(11): 883RY–904
Koentjoro-Soehadi, T., et al. “Perspectives of male contraception with regards to Indonesian traditional drugs.” Proc. Second National Congress of Indonesian Society of Andrology. 1982; Aug. 2–6: 12.
Dixit, V. P., et al. “Effects of Momordica charantia fruit extract on the testicular function of dog.” Planta Med. 1978; 34: 280–86.
Prakash, A. O., et al. “Screening of Indian plants for antifertility activity.” Indian J. Exp. Biol. 1976; 14: 623–626.
Stepka, W., et al. “Antifertility investigation on Momordica.” Lloydia. 1974; 37(4): 645c
Jamwal, K. S., et al. “Preliminary screening of some reputed abortifacient indigenous plants.” Indian J. Pharmacy 1962; 24: 218–20.
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