A combination of 10 plants which have been independently documented around the world with active pharmacological actions.* A similar combination of plants is also available in capsules for internal use. For more information on the individual ingredients in Amazon A-V Topical, follow the links provided below to the plant database files in the Tropical Plant Database. Each rainforest botanical in this professional formula has been sustainably harvested in the Amazon Rainforest. Click here to learn more about our rainforest ingredients and wild harvesing methods. This product contains no binders, fillers, or exipients and is 100% finely milled natural plants. This product is backed by Raintree's Unconditional Guarantee.

Ingredients: A proprietary blend of sangre de grado, copaiba, bitter melon, clavillia, huacapu, mullaca, macela, cumaseba, pau d'acro, culen, and vassourinha extracted in distilled water and alcohol.
Suggested Use: Apply externally to the skin twice daily and let dry completely.
Contraindications: None reported.
Drug Interactions: None reported.
Other Practitioner Observations: This extract will stain clothing and other textiles.

A 2 ounce bottle is $21.95 each
Or buy 3 bottles for $20.95 each
Or buy 6 bottles for $18.95 each

This proprietary Raintree product has not been the subject of any clinical research. A partial listing of published research on each herbal ingredient in the formula is shown below. Please refer to the plant database files by clicking on the plant names below to see all available documentation and research.

Sangre de grado (Croton lechleri)
Williams, J. E. “Review of antiviral and immunomodulating properties of plants of the Peruvian rainforest with a particular emphasis on Una de Gato and Sangre de Grado.” Altern. Med. Rev. 2001; 6(6): 567–79.
Sidwell R., et al. “Influenza virus-inhibitory effects of intraperitoneally and aerosol-administered SP-303, a plant flavonoid.” Chemotherapy. 1994; 40(1): 42–50.
Rao, G. S., et al. “Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Dragon's blood resin.”J. Nat. Prod. 1982 Sep-Oct; 45(5): 646-8.

Copaiba (Copaifera officinalis)
Tincusi, B. M., et al. “Antimicrobial terpenoids from the oleoresin of the Peruvian medicinal plant Copaifera paupera." Planta Med. 2002; 68(9): 808–12.
Wilkins, M., et al. “Characterization of the bactericidal activity of the natural diterpene kaurenoic acid.” Planta Med. 2002 68(5): 452–54.
Davino, S. C., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of kaurenoic acid derivatives substituted on carbon-15.” Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 1989; 22(9): 1127–29.

Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia)
Zheng, Y. T., et al. “Alpha-momorcharin inhibits HIV-1 replication in acutely but not chronically infected T-lymphocytes.” Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1999; 20(3): 239-43.
Bourinbaiar, A. S., et al. “The activity of plant-derived antiretroviral proteins MAP30 and GAP31 against Herpes simplex virus in vitro.” Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996; 219(3): 923–29.
Lee-Huang, S., et al. “Inhibition of the integrase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 by anti-HIV plant proteins MAP30 and GAP31.” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1995; 92(19): 8818–22.
Zhang, Q. C. “Preliminary report on the use of Momordica charantia extract by HIV patients.” J. Naturopath. Med. 1992; 3: 65–9.
Huang, T. M., et al. “Studies on antiviral activity of the extract of Momordica charantia and its active principle.” Virologica. 1990; 5(4): 367–73.
Lee-Huang, S. “MAP 30: A new inhibitor of HIV-1 infection and replication.” FEBS Lett. 1990; 272(1–2): 12–18.
Takemoto, D. J. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor with anti-viral activity from the bitter melon.” Prep. Biochem. 1983; 13(4): 371–93.
Takemoto, D. J., et al. “Purification and characterization of a cytostatic factor from the bitter melon Momordica charantia.” Prep. Biochem. 1982; 12(4): 355-75.

Clavillia (Mirabilis jalapa)
Bolognesi, A. et al. “Ribosome-inactivating and adenine polynucleotide glycosylase activities in Mirabilis jalapa L. tissues.” J. Biol. Chem. 2002; 277(16) 13709–16.
Vivanco, J. M., et al. “Characterization of two novel type 1 ribosome-inactivating proteins from the storage roots of the Andean crop Mirabilis expansa.” Plant Physiol. 1999; 119(4): 1447–56.
Dimayuga, R. E., et al. ”Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants from Baja California Sur (Mexico).” Pharmaceutical Biol. 1998; 36(1): 33–43.
Kataoka, J., et al. “Adenine depurination and inactivation of plant ribosomes by an antiviral protein of Mirabilis jalapa (MAP).” Plant Mol. Biol. 1992; 20(6): 111–19.
Wong, R. N., et al. “Characterization of Mirabilis antiviral protein—a ribosome inactivating protein from Mirabilis jalapa L.” Biochem. Int. 1992; 28(4): 585–93.
Cammue, B. P., et al. “Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides from Mirabilis jalapa L. seeds.” J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267(4): 2228–33.

Huacapu (Minquartia guianensis)
Rashid, M. A., et al. "Absolute stereochemistry and anti-HIV activity of minquartynoic acid, a polyacetylene from Ochanostachys amentacea." Nat Prod. Lett. 2001; 15(1): 21-26 .
El-Seedi, H. R., et al. "Triterpenes, lichexanthone and an acetylenic acid from Minquartia guianensis." Phytochemistry. 1994; 35 (5): 1297-1299.
Jovel, E. M., et al. "An ethnobotanical study of the traditional medicine of the Mestizo people of Suni Mirano, Loreto, Peru." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 53: 149-156.

Mullaca (Physalis angulata)
Silva, M. T., et al. “Studies on antimicrobial activity, in vitro, of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) fraction and physalin B bringing out the importance of assay determination.” Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz. 2005 Nov; 100(7): 779-82.
Hussain, H., et al. “Plants in Kano ethnomedicine; screening for antimicrobial activity and alkaloids.” Int. J. Pharmacol. 1991; 29(1): 51–56.
Otake, T., et al. “Screening of Indonesian plant extracts for anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1) Activity.” Phytother. Res. 1995; 9(1): 6–10.
Kurokawa, M., et al. “Antiviral traditional medicines against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1), polio virus, and measles virus in vitro and their therapeutic efficacies for HSV-1 infection in mice." Antiviral Res. 1993; 22(2/3): 175–88.
Kusumoto, I. T., et al. “Screening of some Indonesian medicinal plants for inhibitory effects on HIV-1 protease.” Shoyakugaku Zasshi 1992; 46(2): 190-93.

Macela (Achyrocline satureoides)
Bettega, J. M., et al. “Evaluation of the antiherpetic activity of standardized extracts of Achyrocline satureioides.” Phytother. Res. 2004; 18(10): 819-23.
Zanon, S. M., et al. “Search for antiviral activity of certain medicinal plants from Cordoba, Argentina.” Rev. Latinoamer. Microbiol. 1999; 41(2): 59–62.
Abdel-Malek, S., et al. “Drug leads from the Kallawaya herbalists of Bolivia. 1. Background, rationale, protocol and anti-HIV activity.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 50: 157–22.

Cumaseba (Swartzia polyphylla)
Rojas, R., et al. "Anti-mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of Peruvian plants." Plant Med. 2004: 101.
Rojas, R., et al. "Larvicidal, antimycobacterial and antifungal compounds from the bark of the Peruvian plant Swartzia polyphylla DC." Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006; 54(2): 278-279.

Pau d'arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa)
Li, C. J., et al. “Three inhibitors of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-directed gene expression and virus replication.” Proc. Nat’l. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90(5): 1839–42.
Sacau, E. P., et al. "Inhibitory effects of lapachol derivatives on epstein-barr virus activation." Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2003 Feb 20; 11(4): 483-8.
Lagrota, M., et al. “Antiviral activity of lapachol.” Rev. Microbiol. 1983; 14: 21–6.
Pinto, A. V., et al. "Antiviral activity of naphthoquinones. I. Lapachol derivatives against enteroviruses." Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol. 1987 Jan-Mar; 29(1): 15-20.

Culen (Psoralea glandulosa)
Bondarenko, A., et al. "Antimicrobial and antiviral activity of essential oil from Psoralea drupacea and its activity." Rast. Resur. 1974; 583.
Bondarenko, A., et al. "Extraction from Psoralea drupaccea of bakuchiol and its antimicrobial activity." Tr. Sezda. Mikrobiol. Ukr. 4th ed. (Ed Zatula Dg) "Naukova Duma" Kiev USSR (1975) pp. 208.
Erazo, S., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of Psoralea glandulosa L." Int. J. Pharmacog. 1997; 35(5): 385-387.
Rao, P. N. "Prospecting plant aids in AIDS management." Curr. Sci. 2000 May; 78(10): 56-58.

Vassourinha (Scoparia dulcis)
Kanamoto, T., et al. “Anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of YK-FH312 (a betulinic acid derivative), a novel compound blocking viral maturation.” Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2001; 45(4): 1225–30.
Rahman, S. M., et al. “The first total synthesis of (+/-)-scopadulin, an antiviral aphidicolane diterpene.” Org. Lett. 2001 Feb; 3(4): 619-21.
Hayashi, T., et al. “Antiviral agents of plant origin. II. Antiviral activity of scopadulcic acid B derivatives.” Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990; 38(1): 239–42.
Hayashi, T. Et al. “Antiviral agents of plant origin. III. Scopadulin, a novel tetracyclic diterpene from Scoparia dulcis L.” Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1990; 38(4): 945–47.
Hayashi, K., et al. “In vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of scopadulcic acid B from Scoparia dulcis, Scrophulariaceae, against Herpes simplex virus type 1.” Antiviral Res. 1988; 9(6): 345–54.

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