A synergistic formula of 8 rainforest botanicals traditionally used in South America for mold, fungi, and candida.* This synergistic combination of plants is also available in a capsule formula for internal use. For more information on the individual ingredients in Amazon A-F, follow the links provided below to the plant database files in the Tropical Plant Database. Each rainforest botanical in this professional formula has been sustainably harvested in the Amazon Rainforest. Click here to learn more about our rainforest ingredients and wild harvesing methods. This product is backed by Raintree's Unconditional Guarantee.

Ingredients: A proprietary blend of sangre de grado, copaiba, andiroba, jatoba, bellaco caspi, pau d'arco, ubos, matico, mulateiro, tamamuri, Brazilian peppertree, cumaseba, and fedegoso extracted in distilled water and alcohol.
Suggested Use: Shake well and apply directly to the skin or nails twice daily. Allow to dry completely before covering. As a douche: dilute 2 teaspoons in a cup of warm water and use once daily for three consecutive days.
Contraindications: None reported.
Drug Interactions: None reported.
Other Practitioner Observations:

• This extract will stain clothing and other textiles.
• In some instances, using the A-F capsules internally with the A-F Topical externally is warranted.

This proprietary Raintree product has not been the subject of any clinical research. A partial listing of published research on each herbal ingredient in the formula is shown below. Please refer to the plant database files by clicking on the plant names below to see all available documentation and research.

Sangre de Grado (Croton lechleri)
Gurgel, L. A., et al. “In vitro antifungal activity of dragon's blood from Croton urucurana against dermatophytes.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 97(2): 409-12.
Chen, Z. P., et al. “Studies on the anti-tumour, anti-bacterial, and wound-healing properties of dragon’s blood.” Planta Med. 1994; 60(6): 541–45.
Rao, G. S., et al. “Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Dragon's blood resin.”J. Nat. Prod. 1982 Sep-Oct; 45(5): 646-8.

Copaiba (Copaifera sp)
Cotoras, M., et al. “Characterization of the antifungal activity on Botrytis cinerea of the natural diterpenoids kaurenoic acid and 3beta-hydroxy-kaurenoic acid.” J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004 May; 52(10): 2821-6.
Sartori, M. R., et al. “Antifungal activity of fractions and two pure compounds of flowers from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae).” Pharmazie. 2003; 58(8): 567-9.
Tincusi, B. M., et al. “Antimicrobial terpenoids from the oleoresin of the Peruvian medicinal plant Copaifera paupera." Planta Med. 2002; 68(9): 808–12.
Wilkins, M., et al. “Characterization of the bactericidal activity of the natural diterpene kaurenoic acid.” Planta Med. 2002 68(5): 452–54.
Yang, D., et al. “Use of caryophyllene oxide as an antifungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis.” Mycopathologia. 1999; 148(2): 79–82.
Davino, S. C., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of kaurenoic acid derivatives substituted on carbon-15.” Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 1989; 22(9): 1127–29.

Andiroba (Carapa guianensis)
Qi, S. H., et al. "Constituents of Carapa guianensis Aubl. (Meliaceae)." Pharmazie. 2004; 59(6): 488-90.
Penido, C., et al. "Anti-allergic effects of natural tetranortriterpenoids isolated from Carapa guianensis Aublet on allergen-induced vascular permeability and hyperalgesia." Inflamm. Res. 2005; 54(7): 295-303.

Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
Yang, D., et al. “Use of caryophyllene oxide as an antifungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis.” Mycopathologia. 1999; 148(2): 79–82.
Rouquayrol, M. Z., et. al. “Antifungal activity of essential oils from Northeastern Brazilian plants.” Rev. Brasil Pesq. Med. Biol. 1980; 13: 135-143.
Arrhenius, S. P., et.al. “Inhibitory effects of Hymenaea and Copaifera leaf resins on the leaf fungus, Pestalotia subcuticulari.” Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 1983; 11(4): 361-366.
Rahalison, L., et al. “Screening for antifungal activity of Panamanian Plants.” Inst. J. Pharmacog. 1993; 31(1): 68-76.
Caceres, A., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatomucosal infections. 1: Screening of 38 plant extracts.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 33(3): 277-283.

Bellaco-Caspi (Himatanthus sucuuba)
Bolzani, V., et al. "Search for antifungal and anticancer compounds from native plant species of cerrado and Atlantic Forest." An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 1999; 71(2): 181-7
Souza, W., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from barks of Himatanthus lancifolius." Fitoterapia. 2004 Dec; 75(7-8): 750-3.
Little, J., et al. "Plumericin; an antimicrobial agent from Plumeria multiflora." Arch. Biochem. 1951; 30(2): 445-52.
Persinos-Perdue, G., et al. " South American plants. III. Isolation of fulvoplumierin from Himatanthus sucuuba (Apocynaceae). J. Pharm. Sci. 1978; 67: 1322.
Wood, C. A., et al. "A bioactive spirolactone iridoid and triterpenoids from Himatanthus sucuuba." Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2001; 49(11): 1477-1478.
De Silva, J. R., et al. "Triterpenic esters from Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson." Quimica Nova 1998; 21(6): 702-704.

Pau d'arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa)
Portillo, A., et. al. “Antifungal activity of Paraguayan plants used in traditional medicine.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Jun; 76(1): 93-8.
Gershon, H., et al. “Fungitoxicity of 1,4-naphthoquinonoes to Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.” Can. J. Microbiol. 1975; 21: 1317-1321.
Guiraud, P., et al. “Comparison of antibacterial and antifungal activities of lapachol and beta-lapachone.” Planta Med. 1994 Aug; 60(4): 373-4.
Park, B. S., et al. “Selective growth-inhibiting effects of compounds identified in Tabebuia impetiginosa inner bark on human intestinal bacteria.” J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005 Feb; 53(4): 1152-7.
Park, B. S., et al. “Antibacterial activity of Tabebuia impetiginosa Martius ex DC (Taheebo) against Helicobacter pylori.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Dec;

Ubos (Spondias mombin)
Abo, K., et al. "Antimicrobial potential of Spondias mombin, Croton zambesicus and Zygotritonia crocea." Phytother. Res. 1999; 13(6): 494-497.
Herforth, A., "Anti-fungal plants of the Peruvian Amazon: A survey of ethnomedical uses and biological activity." Emanations from the Rainforest and the Carribean. Vol. 4 Sept. 2002, Cornell University.

Matico (Piper aduncum)
Lago, J. H., et al. “Benzoic acid derivatives from Piper species and their fungitoxic activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum.” J. Nat. Prod. 2004; 67(11):1783-8.
Navickiene, H., et al. “Composition and antifungal activity of essential oils from Piper aduncum, Piper arboreum and Piper tuberculatum.” Quim. Nova. 2006; 20( 3): 467-470
Lemos, T. L. G., et al. “Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Brazilian plants.” Phytother. Res. 1990; 4(2): 82-84.
Lentz, D. L., et al. “Antimicrobial properties of Honduran medicinal plants.” J. Ethnopharmacol, 1998; 63(3): 253-263.
Trillini, B., et al. “Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Piper angustifolium.” Planta Med. 1996; 62(4): 372-373.

Mulateiro (Calycophylum spruceanum)
Portillo, A., et al. "Antifungal activity of Paraguayan plants used in traditional medicine." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001 Jun; 76(1): 93-8.
Cardona Zuleta LM, et al. "Seco-iridoids from Calycophyllum spruceanum (Rubiaceae)." Phytochemistry. 2003 Sep;64(2):549-53.

Tamamuri (Brosimum acutifolium)
Herforth, A., et al. “Amazonian Women’s Medicine: Treatments for Mycoses.” Poster: Society for Economic Botany 2002 vol 56(4).
Herforth, A., et al. “ Antifungal plants of the Peruvian Amazon: a survey of ethnomedical uses and biological activity.” Cornel University Publication 2002

Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus molle)
Schmourlo, G., et al. "Screening of antifungal agents using ethanol precipitation and bioautography of medicinal and food plants." J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Jan; 96(3): 563-8.
Dikshit, A. “Schinus molle: a new source of natural fungitoxicant.” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1986; 51(5): 1085-1088.
Gundidza, M. “Antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Schinus molle Linn.” Central Africian J. Med. 1993; 39 11: 231-234.
Martinez, M. J., et al. "Screening of some Cuban medicinal plants for antimicrobial activity." J. Ethnopharmacol. 1996; 52(3): 171-74.
El-Keltawi, N., et al. "Antimicrobial activity of some Egyptian aromatic plants." Herba Pol. 1980; 26(4): 245-50.

Cumaseba (Swartzia polyphylla)
Rojas, R., et al. “Larvicidal, antimycobacterial and antifungal compounds from the bark of the Peruvian plant Swartzia polyphylla DC.” Chem. Pharm. Bull. 2006; 54(2): 278-279.
Herforth, A., et al. “Antifungal plants of the Peruvian Amazon: A survey of ethnomedical uses and biological activity.” Cornel University Publication 2002.
Du Bois, J. L., et al. “Dihydrolicoisoflavone, a new isoflavanone from Swartzia polyphylla.” J. Nat. Prod. 1995: 58(4): 629-632.

Fedegoso (Cassia occidentalis)
Qureshi, S., “In vitro evaluation of inhibitory nature of extracts of 18-plant species of Chindwara against 3-keratinophilic fungi.” Hindustan Antibiot. Bull. 1997 Feb-Nov; 39(1-4): 56-60.
Caceres, A., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 2. Evaluation of antifungal activity of seven American plants.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1993 Dec; 40(3): 207-13.
Caceres, A., et al. “Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of dermatophytic infections. 1. Screening for antimycotic activity of 44 plant extracts.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Mar; 31(3): 263-76.
Samy, R. P., et al. “Antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India.” J. Ethnopharmacol. 2000; 69(1): 63-71.

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